How Animals Interact in an Ecosystem

Animals interact with each other in numerous, complex ways. However, we can make some general statements about these interactions. This enables us to better understand the role that species play within their ecosystems and how individual species can positively or negatively affect the species around them. Of the various types of interactions between species, most involve resources and consumers. A resource, in ecological terms, is something (such as food, water, habitat, sunlight, or prey) that is required by an organism to perform a vital function such as growth or reproduction. A consumer is an organism that consumes a resource (such as predators, herbivores, or detritivores). Most interactions between animals involve one or more competitor species vying for a resource. Species interactions can be categorized into four basic groups based on how the participating species are affected by the interaction. They include competitive interactions, consumer-resource interactions, detritivore-detritus interactions, and mutualistic interactions. Competitive Interactions Competitive interactions are interactions involving two or more species that are vying for the same resource. In these interactions, both of the species involved are negatively  affected. Competitive interactions are in many cases indirect, such as when two species both consume the same resource but do not  directly interact with each other. Instead, they affect each other by  reducing the availability of the resource. An example of this type of interaction might be seen between lions and hyenas. Since both species feed on the same prey, they negatively affect each other by reducing the amount of that prey. One species may have trouble hunting in an area where the other is already present. Consumer-resource Interactions Consumer-resource interactions are interactions in which individuals from one species consume individuals from another species. Examples of consumer-resource interactions include predator-prey interactions and herbivore-plant interactions. These consumer-resource interactions affect the species involved in different ways. Usually, this type of interaction has a positive impact on the consumer species and a negative impact on the resource species. An example of a consumer-resource interaction would be a lion eating a zebra, or a zebra feeding on grass. In the first example, the zebra is the resource, while in the second example it is the consumer. Detritivore-detritus Interactions Detritivore-detritus interactions involve a species that consumes the detritus (dead or decomposing organic matter) of another species. The detritivore-detritus interaction is a positive interaction for the consumer species. It has no impact on the resource species since it is already dead. Detritivores include small creatures such as millipedes, slugs, woodlice, and sea cucumbers. By cleaning up decomposing plant and animal matter, they play an important role in maintaining the health of ecosystems. Mutualistic Interactions Mutualistic interactions are interactions in which both species--resource and consumer--benefit from the interaction. An example of this is the relationship between plants and pollinators. Nearly three-quarters of flowering plants rely on animals to help them pollinate. In exchange for this service, animals such as bees and butterflies are rewarded with food in the form of pollen or nectar. The interaction is beneficial for both species, plants, and animals.

The Death Of Usama Bin Laden - 1572 Words

In May of 2011, many Americans saw the death of Usama bin Laden as a catalyst for renewed U.S. patriotism and a hopeful next step towards ending the Salafi Jihadist movement. Why, then, is the world faced with an unprecedented amount of Salafi Jihadist groups who prove to be increasingly more brutal in their attacks (cite)? The counterterrorist strategy of decapitation, or the removal of a group leader via incarceration or assassination, is a tactic whose utility is dependent on historical context, group structure/composition, and general popular support. While the death of Usama bin Laden renewed American patriotism and allowed the U.S. to exact revenge upon the group behind the deaths of 3,000 in the 9/11 attacks, it proved ineffective†¦show more content†¦In his 1996 FATWA, Usama bin Laden placed personal responsibility upon each individual Muslim to unify and fight oppressive forces, particularly the United States. With this FATWA comes the distinction of the â€Å"near † and â€Å"far† enemy, an innovative philosophy utilized by bin Laden and Al Qaeda that illustrates the overarching oppressive nature of the United States to Salafi Jihadist sympathizers. Integrating this ideology into the Salafi Jihadist movement is particularly useful for terrorist organizations, as their fighters—particularly their suicide bombers—are ideologically validated for their actions, and are confident that they will receive a reward in the afterlife should they strike against the enemy. Driven by Usama bin Laden, Al Qaeda grew immensely from 1988-2011, adding on affiliates such as Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and training militant groups in fatas in Pakistan. The Salafi Jihadist movement and the groups responsible for its mobility have gained international attention (and sympathizers), creating a strong base to work towards the creation of the caliphate. What, then, was the impact of Usama bin Laden’s assassination by U.S. Navy SEALS in 2011 on the SalafiShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of United States1232 Words   |  5 Pagesthe terrorist had given many warnings and that when they’d kill they’d kill Americans in large numbers. And that’s exactly what they did. On February, in 1993, Ramzi Yousef tried to destroy the world trade center with a bomb truck. Leaving 6 people death and about 1000 wounded. A man named Omar Abdel once tried to holland and lincoln tunnels in New York which he and the plotters got arrested after getting caught. In October, 1993, Somali Tribesmen shot down American helicopters killing 18 AmericansRead MoreThe Conflict Of Terrorism During The 9 / 11889 Words   |  4 Pagesin Afghanistan that began in 1979 made many Islamic extremists very mad and wanting revenge on the United States (Jacobson: 31). Usama Bin Laden, the leader of the terrorist group Al Qaeda, began to recruit terrorist from 21 nations around the world to help him attack America. (Jacobson: 36). He sent a declaration in Arabic to a London newspaper that â€Å"called for the death of all Americans anywhere on earth as a duty of all Muslims†. This was a direct sign that he planned to attack our country. In 1993Read MoreAl Qaida History3238 Words   |  13 PagesSUBMISSION: Nov. 23, 201 Introduction On September 11th, 2001, the entire world witnessed the revolutionary terrorist acts of global militant group Al Qaeda, as US commercial airplanes were high jacked and crashed onto American soil leading to the death of thousands of innocent lives, shining a new light onto the face of global terrorism (The 9/11 Commission, 2004). Although this tragedy was recognized and publicized more extensively than others, the idea of Al Qaeda has existed for approximatelyRead MoreOsama Bin Laden: the Fall of a Tyrant9653 Words   |  39 Pagesthose in terrorist leadership positions communicate their agenda to those within their organizations, their affiliates, and to the world at large. Focusing upon Osama bin Laden, how would you compare and contrast his ability to communicate and exert influence upon these various audiences from the years preceding 9/11 until his death? Summary Al Qaeda leaders and affiliates have conducted sophisticated public relations and media campaigns since the mid-1990s. Terrorism analysts believe that these Read MoreWhere were You on 9/11?937 Words   |  4 PagesIn my 4 combat deployments (3 Iraq, 1 Afghanistan) I lost 26 of my closest friends. Now I jump to 2012, Kathy Bigelow the Academy Award winning Director/Producer decided to make a movie seen about the largest game of Where’s Waldo with Osama (Usama) bin Laden. As we all know Osama was the person who was the al-Qaeda figurehead and the person who along with many others members who masterminded the attacks on September 11th, 2001. From everything I saw in the movie and reading the book No Easy DayRead MoreDomestic And International Terroristic Acts1473 Words   |  6 Pagestoday stems from Sunni Islamic extremists, such as Usama Bin Laden and individuals affiliated with his Al-Qaeda organization are the most serious international terrorist threat to U.S. interests today. Since 1996 Al-Qaeda leaders, including Usama Bin Laden, had been harbored in Afghanistan. Al-Qaeda continues to be regarded as a potent and highly capable terrorist network despite recent military setbacks suffered by the Taliban and the apparent death of Al-Qaeda operational commander Moham ed Atef thatRead MoreThe Following Reading Will Contain Background Information923 Words   |  4 Pagesseven people, and injured one hundred and seventy-one†. (BBC, 2015) The third and last of the simultaneous explosions was detonated by Lyndsay in the location of Russel Square. This attack killed the most of the four attacks registering twenty-six deaths and injuring over three hundred and forty people. â€Å"The fourth man, Hussain, having tried to make contact with his fellow bombers, boarded a London bus to Euston and then switched to another bus bound for Marble Arch. Just after 9.45am his bomb explodedRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Terrorism And Terrorism945 Words   |  4 PagesPennsylvania. The attack killed 3,025 citizens. Usama Bin Laden was the prime suspect of these attacks. After the 9/11 attacks, The U.S. formed the Global Coalition against terrorism. (â€Å"Chronology† 11) B.Define the problem of terrorism 1. Terrorism is ongoing and increasing and happens all of the time everywhere in the world. Terrorist attacks are very traumatizing every time they occur because they always cause some sort of damage and most of the time death. a.After a plane related terrorist attackRead MoreIslamic Movement Of Uzbekistan Analysis3388 Words   |  14 Pageslarge amounts of ethnic Uzbeks in Afghanistan. In 2000 the IMU assisted the TB in the take down of Taloqan, Afghanistan. During this time Namangani developed close ties with Usama Bin Laden. The IMU benefited of the relationship, by acquiring more advanced armaments such as sniper rifles and night vision goggles. Usama Bin Laden also provided the IMU with a pair of heavy transport helicopters. Namangani and his fighters then flew back to Tavildara Valley, Tajikistan. From there the IMU launchedRead MoreChina s Significance Of The United States1430 Words   |  6 Pagesautonomous, for most of the internal terrorist attacks. China places blame on a Muslim Uighur ethnic group from Xinjiang, commonly known as the Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM). ETIM surfaced in the early 2000’s and was said to be funded by Usama bin Laden, along with Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, which ETIM has known ties. This organization also has been linked to other groups such as Al-Qaida and the Taliban, and was known to be trained and receive funding by these groups in Afghanistan.

Abraham Lincoln Speech Ethos Essay - 920 Words

Pathos, Logos, Ethos, and Tone Abraham Lincoln was perhaps one of Americas most influential presidents, because of his ability to abolish slavery. Lincoln’s second inaugural speech was given on March 4th, of 1865. The speech addressed the nation to talk about The Civil War, and reconstruction of the nation, along with the evils of slavery, and the return of the south. Logos, pathos, ethos, and tone were all crucial ingredients in Lincoln’s speech because they helped set the mood of the speech, connect to people from an emotional standpoint, provide credibility, and most importantly, provide logical explanation on why they should support him. There are many examples of pathos in Lincoln’s speech. Pathos is how Lincoln is persuading his†¦show more content†¦Another thing that he did to help is reference God a lot. Perhaps the quote that added the most credibility was, â€Å"The almighty has his own purposes.†. This adds to his credibility because ba ck in the 1800’s, everyone was genuinely religious and most people believed in God. By using God in his speech, he really got his word across to most people, and in the process, made himself sound more credible and smarter. Overall ethos is something that Lincon did not have to touch on as much, but he still used some devices to help him. Lastly, there is logos which Lincon used a lot of. Logos would be how he connects to his listeners/viewers throughout logical means. One of the ways that he does this is by again, bringing up lasting peace in this quote. â€Å"With malice towards none; †¦achieve and cherish a just and a lasting peace†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This is logical and should connect with the people well because war means deaths, money spent, recourses used, possible loss, and family members leaving for war for long periods at a time. This should have been a big factor in helping people support him as president. Another smaller, but still important example is, â€Å"On e eight of the population were colored slaves†¦localized in the southern part of the nation†. This related to people because most of the people already do not support slavery,(which is why Lincon was elected in the first place;Show MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Gettysburg Address981 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fourscore and seven years ago†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is the statement in which Abraham Lincoln started â€Å"The Gettysburg Address†.152 years ago, Lincoln delivered this well-known speech in front of an audience who was searching for help during a time of war. Some may believe it was not an inspiration why others will say it was. To some Americans, it might have even brought faith. Just like any other work, this essay was composed of a rhetorical situation and rhetorical devices; which can be broken down into specific factorsRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Gettysburg Address1161 Words   |  5 Pagesdesigned today was the civil war of 1861.During t his war president, Abraham Lincoln was in charge. This war lasted four bloody years, many people died and as a response in 1862, Lincoln gave a motivational speech to his people, to not give up and fight for their freedom. The Gettysburg address was a speech that could be described as a proposal argument to the people and backs it up with Aristotelian rhetoric of logos, pathos, and ethos to convince the audience that all the soldiers deaths shouldRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech1230 Words   |  5 Pages Rhetorical Analysis Essay on Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I have a dream† speech Professor Hailemarkos Worke ENGL 102 Sefra Belay September 29, 2017 Rhetorical Analysis Essay In Washington DC, on August 28, 1963 was the day that Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his â€Å"I have a dream† speech. According to Kennedy X.J., et al. in their book, The Brief Bedford Reader, Martin Luther King was an American Baptist minister who became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership ConferenceRead MoreThe Effects Of Imperialism In George Orwells Shooting An Elephant1633 Words   |  7 Pagesmental capabilities. They claim to â€Å"just wanna be average, never expecting to be more that just a brute in vocational education, because of the underwhelming and under-qualified teachers teaching classes that don’t benefit them. Rose’s purpose in this essay is to show the public the flaws of the vocational system in order to affect change in the public school system. His declaration is still apparent today in the failure in some aspects of the public school system and the lack of attention given to thoseRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesThe Evolution of Management Thought    31 managers recognizing the importance of workers and trying to make them happy; instead it emphasized designing jobs that would allow workers to satisfy higher-level needs and utilize more of their potential. Abraham Maslow was one of the early proponents of this school. Maslow’s needs theory is built upon the concept that humans have a hierarchy of needs, starting with the basic physical necessities of food, shelter, and clothing and ascending five steps to theRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagestime? 3. Would the students start protesting even more if the principal stopped the newspaper? 4. When the welfare of the school is threatened, does the principal have the right to give orders to students? 5. Does the principal have the freedom of speech to say no in this case? 6. If the principal stopped the newspaper, would he be preventing full discussion of important problems? 7. Would the principal’s stop order make Rami lose faith in him? 8. Is Rami really loyal to his school and patriotic to

Descriptive Essay - Paris free essay sample

The train station we arrived at was filled with the smell of exhaust and garbage. The loud vacuum noise annoyed me as the trains raced by blowing my hair in every direction. My heart was pounding because getting on the train was a struggle due to the large amount of people rushing to not miss it. My host family dozed off because they are used to the gorgeous scenery that surrounds them every day. Looking out my window, God lavished my eyes with colorful fields so perfectly grown and groomed that it seemed surreal. Not a single patch of land visible between Germany and France was without use for wine, hay, animals, or just pure beauty. Staring off into the distance, the luminous city of Paris snagged my curious, wandering eyes from the enticing view of the luscious fall-colored fields. Taking the subway was the most efficient way of traveling in Paris. We will write a custom essay sample on Descriptive Essay Paris or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Every subway route had people sitting or standing, packed in tightly like sardines. Thousands of people roam the streets with the city being so large; looking at a single map of it looks as if it could be its own country. The mall we visited reminded me of a museum. Each level had one main product that it focused on. The whole top floor displayed and sold shoes; that floor should have been labeled shoe-heaven. The entire bottom floor was flooded with cosmetic stands. Walking through the lines of colorful beauty products, contagious perfume odors drenched my clothes and skin. Escaping from the crazy energetic mall, I felt like I could breathe. At the same time, the air felt thick and had potent smells of European food, vehicle exhaust, cluttered garbage, and the stench of urine. Towering over the mall, the famous Eiffel tower caught my attention to its eye-catching magnificence. It reminded me of a large giraffe, gazing into the sunset over the vast land. Mematra was one of those vast places, filled with phenomenal artists who sketched portraits of people. My host parents insisted that one of these talented people draw me. The image looked so realistic that it was as if there was a mirror in front of me. Every line and detail was perfectly curved and shaped. Astonishment, awe and joy filled my heart immediately; I had never felt so honored. Around the corner was one of the best spots in Paris that overlooked the entire city. Looking back on every moment spent in Paris, the joy that was captured by the warm-hearted beauty of this city will always be remembered.